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Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology. Also, microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases. In addition, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research. Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease. But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear. As technology advances, new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined, and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed. This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome, and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Microbiota , Neurodegenerative Diseases/therapy , Parkinson Disease/therapyABSTRACT
Many recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome plays important roles in human physiology and pathology. Also, microbiome-based therapies have been used to improve health status and treat diseases. In addition, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, have become topics of intense interest in biomedical research. Several researchers have explored the links between these topics to study the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in disease. But the exact relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and gut microbiota remains unclear. As technology advances, new techniques for studying the microbiome will be developed and refined, and the relationship between diseases and gut microbiota will be revealed. This article summarizes the known interactions between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting assay techniques for the gut microbiome, and we also discuss the potential therapeutic role of microbiome-based therapies in diseases.
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Objective To investigate the imaging findings and clinicopathological features of osteofibrous dysplasia(OFD)in tibia.Methods The imaging findings of 1 0 cases with OFD in tibia,which were confirmed by pathology and had complete clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results The disease occurred in children and the main clinical manifestations were anterior mass and arch deformity of calf.X-ray and CT examinations showed that the lesion distributed along the long axis of tibia and the anterior cortex was involved in 9 cases and the posterior cortex was involved in another one;the midpiece of tibia was involved in 7 cases and the lesion located at the junction area between upper third and middle third of tibia in another 3 cases;9 cases showed multilocular osteolytic lesions within the expanded cortex,manifesting as the high-density bony intervals of different thickness among a number of low-density lesions and another one presented as unilocular osteolytic lesion with sclerosis rim.Lesions manifested as multiple bubble-like intermediate or high signal intensity foci and low-signal interval bands on T2WI in 3 cases of MRI examinations.Microscopic examinations revealed that the lesion was composed of fibrous tissue and trabecular bone,fibrous tissue varied from sparse to dense and trabecular bone was surrounded by a great many osteoblasts and osteoclasts of vary number.The lesion presented as band-shaped distribution with more fibrous tissue and less trabecular bone in the central zones (corresponding to osteolytic destruction areas in radiography)and with trabecular bone gradually increasing in the peripheral zones to form abundant merged lamellar bone (corresponding to bony intervals in radiography).Conclusion OFD in tibia is characterized by the high-density bony intervals(low-signal interval bands on T2WI)of different thickness among a number of low-density lesions(multiple bubble-like intermediate or high signal intensity foci on T2WI)within anterior cortex, which reflects the pathological changes.Typical cases can be diagnosed with a variety of imaging findings and clinical features.
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Objective:To investigate the current situation of intravenous infusions of outpatients in our hospital to obtain the infor-mation and data of infusion characteristics in order to provide the basis for the safe and reasonable application of infusions. Methods:Totally 346 cases of outpatients with infusions were selected from the infusion room during May and June in 2017. The rationality of in-fusions was analyzed according to the guidelines of clinical application of antibiotics(2015 edition) and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Results:In the 346 cases of infusion patients,men accounted for 36.13% and women accounted for 63.87%. The order of department ranked top was department of reproductive medicine, dermatology, respiratory medicine and urology respectively accounting for 18.79%,16.47%,13.29% and 10.12%. The order of intravenous infusions ranked top was phloroglucinol,levoflox-acin,moxifloxacin and human serum albumin respectively accounting for 11.46%,8.05%,6.83% and 5.85%. Antimicrobial drugs accounted for 42.77% and the unreasonable prescription accounted for 29.76%. The main unreasonable reasons were without indica-tions,appropriate usage and unsuitable solvent respectively accounting for 51.46%,40.78% and 5.83%. The lack of infusion neces-sity accounted for 10.98%. Conclusion: The irrational proportion in the hospital outpatient intravenous infusion room is high (29.76%),and antibiotics use accounts for higher proportion(42.77%). Most patients still have the necessity of infusion,so outpa-tient infusion can not be canceled,however,management should be strengthened.
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Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility of CT angiography of pediatric complex congenital heart disease by using low radiation dose and low isotonic contrast agent dose combined with iDose4 iterative reconstruction technique.@*Methods@#Prospectively, a total of 57 continuous patients with suspected congenital heart disease under or equal to 2 years old in our hospital between Mar 2016 and Jan 2017 were divided into 2 groups according to the reservation number. " double low" group included 32 patients using 80 kVp, 80 mAs, Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) and iDose4 - 4iterative reconstruction algorithm; routine group included 25 patients using 100 kVp, 100 mAs, Iopromide (370 mg I/ml) and filtered back projection algorithm. Individualized injections were taken on the weight of children and the iodine intake was calculated. CT values of left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle, ascending and descending aorta at the level of tracheal bifurcation, midpoint of aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, left and right pulmonary artery, pectoralis major and erector spinae on both sides as well as background noise at the level of aortic arch were measured, and signal to noise ratios (SNR) and contrast to noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. The quality of all images was evaluated subjectively. Scan length (L), volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length-product (DLP) were recorded, and the effective dose (E) and size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) were calculated. The diagnostic coincidence rates for CTA examinations of these two groups were calculated and compared with the surgery or cardiac catheterization examination called the " gold standard" .@*Results@#The iodine intake of " double low" group and routine group was (2.53±1.09) and (3.46±1.29)g, respectively, with statistically significant difference (t=2.976, P<0.05). No statistically significant difference existed in CT value of heart cavities, large blood vessels or CT value of muscles, background noise, SNR, CNR at the level of aortic arch or subjective evaluation for image quality between the two groups (P>0.05). The consistency of subjective evaluation for image quality of the two groups was good(Kappa=0.55, 0.76). Compared with routine group, CTDIvol, SSDE, DLP, E of double low group descended by 57.19%, 56.71%, 56.74%, 53.33% respectively (t=54.107, 28.269, 15.338, 11.441, P<0.05). The diagnostic coincidence rates of the two groups were 96.6% and 97.1% respectively (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Using 80 kVp, 80 mAs and Iodixanol (270 mg I/ml) combined with iDose4 iterative reconstruction technique for CT angiography of pediatric complex congenital heart disease, the image quality could meet the requirements for clinical diagnosis, and the radiation dose and the iodine dose of contrast agent could be lowered.@*Trial registration@#Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1800016576.
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Objective To investigate the imaging findings of oblique vaginal septum syndrome and its diagnostic value.Methods Clinical and radiographic data of 13 patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome were analyzed retrospectively and relevant literatures were reviewed.All 13 patients underwent ultrasonography examination preoperatively,and 8 of them underwent MRI examination,and 3 patients underwent CT examination as well.The position of the oblique septum,the size of the cavity in the rear of oblique septum, the positional relationship between the cavity in the rear of oblique septum and the cervix,and the concomitant changes of the uterine appendages and urinary system were analyzed.Results The ultrasonography and MRI examinations all manifested as uterus didelphys,cervix duplex,double vagina and obstructed hemivagina,and oblique septum originated from the middle of cervix duplex and attached to one side of the vaginal wall,shielding the ipsilateral cervix;oblique vaginal septum was on the right side in 4 cases and on the left side in 9 cases;the average volume of the cavity in the rear of oblique septum in 6 cases of type Ⅰ was 255 mL,and the average volume in 6 cases of type Ⅱ was 74 mL,and the volume in 1 case of type Ⅲ was 56 mL;2 cases were combined with ipsilateral hematosalpinx and 1 case was combined with a chocolate cyst of ipsilateral ovary;12 cases were accompanied with ipsilateral renal agenesis and 1 case was accompanied with ipsilateral renal hypoplasia.CT examinations of 3 cases all presented as uterus didelphys,a cystic hypodensity lesion under unilateral cervix and ipsilateral renal agenesis.Conclusion Imaging findings of oblique vaginal septum syndrome are quite characteristic. Ultrasonography,CT and MRI examinations have certain value for accurate diagnosis of the disease.
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Objective By researching the cognition and attitudes of the pharmacists of the Department of Pharmacy to further improve and perfect the scientific research policy of the department,and promote the construction of scientific research work.Methods The questionnaire used Microsoft Excel software for statistical analysis.Results 24.7％ of the pharmacists engaged in scientific research to reflect the individual academic and technical ability level;only 14.7％ of pharmacists are more willing to participate in the competition for scientific research positions;35.3％ of the pharmacists are satisfied with the current policy;6.5％ of the pharmacists are not satisfied with the rewards and penaltypolicy.Conclusions The Pharmaceutical Department of Central South University Xiangya Hospital should give proper guidance for pharmacist in research purpose and direction and make them clear that the scientific research purposes is to improve rational medication.Our scientific research system still exist some shortcomings.We need to increase investment in scientific research advertisement,optimize the reward system,set up research teams for employees for their development.
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Objective To investigate the imaging findings of oblique vaginal septum syndrome and its diagnostic value.Methods Clinical and radiographic data of 13 patients with oblique vaginal septum syndrome were analyzed retrospectively and relevant literatures were reviewed.All 13 patients underwent ultrasonography examination preoperatively,and 8 of them underwent MRI examination,and 3 patients underwent CT examination as well.The position of the oblique septum,the size of the cavity in the rear of oblique septum, the positional relationship between the cavity in the rear of oblique septum and the cervix,and the concomitant changes of the uterine appendages and urinary system were analyzed.Results The ultrasonography and MRI examinations all manifested as uterus didelphys,cervix duplex,double vagina and obstructed hemivagina,and oblique septum originated from the middle of cervix duplex and attached to one side of the vaginal wall,shielding the ipsilateral cervix;oblique vaginal septum was on the right side in 4 cases and on the left side in 9 cases;the average volume of the cavity in the rear of oblique septum in 6 cases of type Ⅰ was 255 mL,and the average volume in 6 cases of type Ⅱ was 74 mL,and the volume in 1 case of type Ⅲ was 56 mL;2 cases were combined with ipsilateral hematosalpinx and 1 case was combined with a chocolate cyst of ipsilateral ovary;12 cases were accompanied with ipsilateral renal agenesis and 1 case was accompanied with ipsilateral renal hypoplasia.CT examinations of 3 cases all presented as uterus didelphys,a cystic hypodensity lesion under unilateral cervix and ipsilateral renal agenesis.Conclusion Imaging findings of oblique vaginal septum syndrome are quite characteristic. Ultrasonography,CT and MRI examinations have certain value for accurate diagnosis of the disease.
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Objective To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and related risk factors among residents in the urban and rural area of Chengdu.Methods A cluster sampling was used to establish a study population of inhabitants aged 30 to 70.Totally,1 847 participants were enrolled in this study.Questionnaire including general information and dietary information in the past year was used to collect related data.Height,body weight and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured.Factor analysis was used to analyze the dietary pattern while multivariate unconditional logistic regression used for risk factors in total population,urban and rural residents,respectively.Results The population standardized prevalence rates of diabetes in the overall,urban and rural residents were 20.2％,28.7％,11.1％,respectively.Among total population,middle-aged (OR=2.337,95％CI:1.305-4.185) and the elderly (OR=5.990,95％ CI:3.389-10.586) residents had higher diabetes risk than the younger ones.Administrators (OR=1.434,95％ CI:1.000-2.057) and ordinary clerks (OR=2.870,95％ CI:1.653-4.980) were more vulnerable to diabetes than peasants.Similarly,middle-aged (OR=2.973,95％ CI:1.101-8.031) and elderly (OR=5.972,95％ CI:2.267-15.730) turned out to be more predisposed than young people in the urban area.Compared with peasants,ordinary clerks (OR=2.196,95％CI:1.213-3.975) seemed to be more liable to diabetes.In the mral areas,dietary pattern with higher energy and protein (OR=1.404,95％ CI:1.113-1.772) could be subject to diabetes.Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes in Chengdu was relatively high.Age,career and dietary pattern are mainly risk factors.The factors in different districts are vaious.Intervention on nutrition should be different,area-wise.
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Objective The invasion and metastasis of colon cancer often leads to treatment failure and mortality in patients . Our research is to investigate the influence of FoxM 1 to malignant human colon cancer line . Methods In two human colon cancer lines, the protein and mRNA expression levels of FoxM 1 were analyzed with the application of RT-PCR and Western blot , from which high-expressed HT-29 and low-expressed HCT-116 were determined.The expression of FoxM1 was down-regulated by RNA interfering in HT-29 and up-regulated by constructing overexpression transgenic line in HCT-116.The proliferation of the above cells was assayed by healing method;while the metastasis and invasion ability were examined by Transwell chamber assay . Results Two colon cancer lines were selected with high-expression or low-expression of FoxM1 separately named HT-29 and HCT-116.Application of PEX-2-FoxM1 raised after HCT-116 cells express FoxM1, cell scratches in HCT-116 experimetal group ([70.92 ±1.48]%) compared with HCT-116 control group([16.92 ±4.05]%)and HCT-116 blank control group([16.66 ±2.63]%) will markedly enhance its capabil-ity of healing (P<0.05), Transwell Chambers in membrane cells in HCT-116 experimetal group (186.0 ±6.8) compared with HCT-116 control group(42.0 ±2.0) and HCT-116 blank control grou (37.0 ± 2.2)was increased (P<0.05).On the other hand, the applied pG-PH-shFoxM1 can reduce FoxM1 expression in HT-29 cell, cell scrat-ches healing ability in HT-29 experimetal group ( [ 10 .37 ± 3.86]%) compared with HT-29 control group([34.63 ±2.35]%)and HT-29 blank control group([67.36 ±2.61]%) decreased significantly (P<0.05), Transwell Chambers in membrane cells in HT-29 experimetal group (53.0 ±1.8)compared with HT-29 control group(95.0 ±2.2)and HT-29 blank control grou(118.0 ±4.0) was also reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of FoxM1 is in close relation to the invasion and metastasis of CRC .The fact that the siRNA interfering FoxM1 could effectively inhibit the proliferation, metastasis and invasion, suggesting FoxM1 could po-tentially be a new molecular target for inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer line .
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Objective To explore the correlation of the anti-stress ability of nuclear power plant operators with their heart rate,blood pressure and mental health.Methods A total of 136 male nuclear power plant operators received the continuous performance test (CPT) and mental health test (MHT),while 37 male senior students were used as the control group.Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before and after the test.The nuclear power plant operators were divided to high score group and low score group by CPT scores.The correlation of the anti-stress ability and blood pressure,heart rate and their mental health was analyzedd.Results The scores of CPT and MHT test with the operators were significantly higher than those of the control group(t =- 1.25,6.25,P ＜ 0.05).After the test,the heart rate,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure of the operators were all significantly lower than those of the control group ( t =- 2.07,3.28,2.74,P ＜ 0.05 ).The CPT score of the high score group was lower in the heart rate,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure than the low score group(t=-3.15, -2.78, -2.54,P ＜0.05),while the scores of CPT and MHT were better(t =0.63,6.90,P ＜ 0.05).CPT scores were negatively correlated with the increasing range of the heart rate,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure( r =- 0.69,- 0.94,and - 0.62,P ＜ 0.05 ),and positively correlated with the MHT scores ( r =0.54,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions To a certain extent,CPT and MHT test can reflect the anti-stress ability and be used as one of the bases to select nuclear power plant operators and to assess their competence.
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Objective To explore the status of nuclear power plant operators in mental health and its correlation with emotional stability,liveliness,anxiety and urgency.Methods 255 male operators were randomly selected from three nuclear power bases,meanwhile 61 undergraduates were used as control group.The mental health and neurobehavioral evaluation system of Chinese nuclear power plant operators was developed by Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,which was used to assess mental health of the subjects.The scores of mental health personality factors were recorded,together with four main personality factors including emotional stability,liveliness,anxiety and urgency.Results The score of lie was lower than 8 which showed all inspected groups were normal. 1.57％ (4/255) operators had psychological disorders,3.92％ ( 10/255 ) had poor mental health,27.84％ ( 71/255 ) had general mental health,66.7％ (170/255) had excellent mental health,whereas 9.84％ (6/61)for control group had psychological disorders.Obvious difference was observed in the final scores between the nuclear power plant operators and control group.The former gained higher scores on mental health,emotional stability,and lower scores on anxiety and urgency ( t =3.437,4.423,- 2.493,- 2.093,P ＜ 0.05 ).Both groups aged over 27 years and with length of service over 5 years were awarded higher scores on mental health,emotional stability( t =2.585,2.349 ; t =2.606,2.947,P ＜ 0.05 ),lower scores on anxiety and urgency (t =- 3.407,- 2.138 ; t =- 2.941,- 2.256,P ＜ 0.05).The mental health was positively correlated with emotional stability and liveliness ( r =0.721,0.650,P ＜ 0.05),but negatively correlated with anxiety and urgency(r =- 0.809,- 0.693,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The majority of nuclear power plant operators had excellent psychological quality,but some factors should be paid more attention,such as different ages and length of service time.